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Related Concept Videos

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
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Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug binding...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Method of Direct Segmental Intra-hepatic Delivery Using a Rat Liver Hilar Clamp Model
09:22

Method of Direct Segmental Intra-hepatic Delivery Using a Rat Liver Hilar Clamp Model

Published on: April 2, 2017

Antioxidant supplements for liver diseases.

Goran Bjelakovic1, Lise Lotte Gluud, Dimitrinka Nikolova

  • 1Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 3344, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, and Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Zorana Djindjica 81, Nis, Serbia, 18000.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|March 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Antioxidant supplements show no significant benefit for liver disease patients and may increase liver enzymes. More research is needed to confirm their efficacy and safety for various liver conditions.

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A Small Animal Model of Ex Vivo Normothermic Liver Perfusion
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A Small Animal Model of Ex Vivo Normothermic Liver Perfusion

Published on: June 27, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Method of Direct Segmental Intra-hepatic Delivery Using a Rat Liver Hilar Clamp Model
09:22

Method of Direct Segmental Intra-hepatic Delivery Using a Rat Liver Hilar Clamp Model

Published on: April 2, 2017

A Small Animal Model of Ex Vivo Normothermic Liver Perfusion
08:32

A Small Animal Model of Ex Vivo Normothermic Liver Perfusion

Published on: June 27, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Nutritional Science
  • Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Research

Background:

  • Oxidative stress is implicated in numerous liver diseases.
  • Antioxidants are proposed as potential treatments, but evidence remains inconclusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of antioxidant supplements for individuals diagnosed with liver diseases.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials on antioxidant supplementation in liver disease management.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Searched multiple databases up to January 2011 for trials involving antioxidant supplements (beta-carotene, vitamins A, C, E, selenium) versus placebo.
  • Included trials focused on autoimmune liver diseases, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and cirrhosis; assessed mortality, morbidity, biochemical markers, and adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Twenty RCTs with 1225 participants were analyzed, assessing various antioxidant supplements.
  • No significant impact of antioxidant supplements on all-cause mortality or liver-related mortality was observed.
  • A significant increase in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels was noted with antioxidant supplementation.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence does not support or refute the use of antioxidant supplements for liver disease patients.
  • Antioxidant supplements may potentially elevate liver enzyme activity, warranting caution.
  • Further high-quality research is necessary to clarify the role of antioxidants in liver disease.