Atopic dermatitis: current options and treatment plan

Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disorder of variable severity characterized by eczematous skin lesions associated with itching. This disease has an intricate immunologic basis influenced by genetic/familial predisposition and certain environmental, lifestyle, and dietary factors. Recent trends suggest a continuous rise in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in developed nations and in countries undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization. Pattern and morphology of skin lesions vary with different age groups, and the course of the disease is punctuated by remissions and relapses. Atopic dermatitis has a profound effect on quality of life of patients and may cause financial burden and loss of employment. Therapeutic options, although limited, are associated with risk of various side effects and are mostly appropriate when combined with education and counseling. Evolving knowledge of the pathogenesis and epidemiologic trends of the disease has led to an advent of many new therapeutic agents and treatment options. Various new methods to prevent or alleviate severity of the disease are under investigation. The authors provide a synopsis of the recent understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of atopic dermatitis.