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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Fungal Phylum Basidiomycota01:26

Fungal Phylum Basidiomycota

Basidiomycota is a diverse phylum of fungi that includes ecologically significant decomposers such as white rot fungi, symbionts like mycorrhizal fungi, plant pathogens such as rusts and smuts, and edible species like Agaricus bisporus (the common button mushroom). These fungi play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, symbiotic relationships, and even human health. Their defining feature is the basidium, a microscopic club-shaped structure responsible for producing basidiospores.Fruiting Bodies...
Fungal Phylum Ascomycota01:28

Fungal Phylum Ascomycota

Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
Fungal Group Zygomycota01:29

Fungal Group Zygomycota

Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...

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Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans
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Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: December 19, 2014

Cutaneous and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis.

Juan Pedro Russo1, Rocío Raffaeli, Stella Maris Ingratta

  • 1Department of Dermatology, San Martín Hospital, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. juanpedrorusso@hotmail.com

Skinmed
|March 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study highlights two rare fungal infections: phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala dermatitidis and Curvularia lunata infection in diabetic ulcers. Both cases were successfully treated with oral itraconazole, demonstrating effective antifungal therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Phaeohyphomycosis and Curvularia lunata infections are uncommon fungal diseases.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Fungal infections can present with diverse and sometimes challenging clinical manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report two distinct cases of fungal infections.
  • To describe the diagnostic process and treatment outcomes.
  • To emphasize the efficacy of itraconazole in managing these rare mycoses.

Main Methods:

  • Case 1: Clinical presentation, soft tissue ultrasound, bacteriologic and mycologic analysis, histopathology, and specialized fungal stains were used.
  • Case 2: Clinical presentation, histopathology with Grocott stain, and mycologic examination with culture were performed.
  • Both patients were treated with oral itraconazole, with Case 2 also receiving topical treatments.

Main Results:

  • Case 1: Diagnosed with phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala dermatitidis, treated successfully with oral itraconazole and surgery.
  • Case 2: Diagnosed with Curvularia lunata infection of a diabetic ulcer, successfully treated with oral itraconazole and topical agents.
  • Both patients showed favorable outcomes with no recurrence after treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Exophiala dermatitidis and Curvularia lunata can cause significant cutaneous and ulcerative infections.
  • Oral itraconazole is an effective treatment for phaeohyphomycosis and Curvularia lunata infections.
  • Multidisciplinary diagnostic approaches and targeted antifungal therapy are essential for managing rare fungal diseases.