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Related Concept Videos

Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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Real-time Bioluminescence Imaging of Notch Signaling Dynamics during Murine Neurogenesis
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Published on: December 12, 2019

Impulse control: temporal dynamics in gene transcription.

Nir Yosef1, Aviv Regev

  • 1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

Cell
|March 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene expression patterns adapt to stimuli through molecular mechanisms. This review explores temporal dynamics, focusing on impulse, sustained, and oscillating patterns in gene regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Gene expression regulation is crucial for cellular adaptation and function.
  • Understanding the temporal dynamics of gene expression is key to deciphering cellular responses.
  • Existing knowledge on molecular mechanisms shaping gene expression timing is fragmented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the temporal dynamics of gene expression in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
  • To delineate prototypical temporal patterns of gene expression.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these temporal patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on gene expression temporal dynamics.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms including protein circuits, cis-regulatory sequences, and chromatin architecture.
  • Focus on impulse responses and their higher-order organization.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct temporal patterns: impulse, sustained, and oscillating gene expression.
  • Detailed the molecular basis for generating these temporal patterns.
  • Highlighted the integration of core protein circuits, promoter elements, and chromatin structure.

Conclusions:

  • Gene expression exhibits diverse temporal dynamics essential for adaptation.
  • Impulse responses and their organization in cascades are critical for transient stimuli.
  • Complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors shapes gene expression timing.