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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Development of New Therapeutic Applications Using Microfluidics
Published on: October 1, 2007
2A to the fore - research, technology and applications
Garry Luke1, Helena Escuin, Pablo De Felipe
1Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, UK.
Abstract:
The 2A region of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) encodes a short sequence that mediates self-processing by a novel translational effect. Translation elongation arrest leads to release of the nascent polypeptide and re-initiation at the next in-frame codon. In this way discrete translation products are derived from a single open reading frame. Active 2A-like sequences have been found in (many) other viruses and trypanosome non-LTR retrotransposons. Exponential growth of 2A technology within the last decade has lead to many biotechnological/biomedical applications including the generation of transgenic plants/animals and genetic manipulation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).
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