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Blood Typing

Blood Typing

Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...

Blood Types

Blood Types

Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
ABO antigens are glycoproteins encoded by genes present on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Flow-pattern Guided Fabrication of High-density Barcode Antibody Microarray

Flow-pattern Guided Fabrication of High-density Barcode Antibody Microarray

Published on: January 6, 2016

A Microsphere-Based Suspension Array for Blood Group Molecular Typing: An Update.

Francesca Drago¹, Katerina Karpasitou, Laura Spinardi

¹Organ and Tissue Transplantation Immunology - Regenerative Medicine Department, Milan, Italy.

Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy : Offizielles Organ Der Deutschen Gesellschaft Fur Transfusionsmedizin Und Immunhamatologie

|March 19, 2011

Summary

This study presents an improved microsphere-based assay for blood group genotyping, offering accurate and rapid analysis of multiple genetic markers. The enhanced method ensures high concordance with serology for efficient blood type determination.

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Area of Science:

Immunogenetics
Molecular Diagnostics
Transfusion Medicine

Background:

Previous work established a microsphere suspension array for genotyping multiple blood group systems.
An improved version of this assay is now presented for enhanced efficiency and accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

To present an improved microsphere-based assay for blood group genotyping.
To validate the enhanced assay's performance in a large sample cohort.

Main Methods:

Development of two multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCR) for routine and less frequent systems.
Hybridization of biotinylated PCR products in a single multiplex assay.
Analysis of 2,020 samples, comparing genotypes to blood group phenotypes.

Main Results:

The improved assay demonstrated high concordance with established serology results.
No discrepancies were observed, except for rare null and/or weak blood group phenotypes.

Conclusions:

The presented method enables high-throughput genotyping of hundreds of samples within hours.
The assay offers a reliable and efficient tool for blood group genotyping with high accuracy.