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Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

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Published on: January 12, 2024

[Functional weakness of movement].

B Leemann¹, C Hazeghi, S Kramis

¹Service de neurorééducation, Départment des neurosciences cliniques, HUG, 1211 Genève 14. beatrice.leemann@hcuge.ch

Revue Medicale Suisse

|March 23, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Functional paresis diagnosis requires careful assessment due to potential misdiagnosis. This condition, distinct from malingering, has a poor long-term outlook but can be managed with specific therapies.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

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Published on: January 12, 2024

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Psychiatry
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Functional paresis presents with neurological symptoms inconsistent with established anatomical and physiological principles.
Accurate diagnosis is challenging, necessitating comprehensive evaluations.

Observation:

A significant rate of false diagnoses (estimated at 4%) highlights diagnostic difficulties.
The underlying mechanisms of functional paresis, often linked to hysteria, are not fully understood.
Evidence suggests functional paresis differs from conscious simulation or voluntary inhibition.

Findings:

Functional paresis is characterized by neurological deficits not explained by structural or physiological abnormalities.
Diagnostic procedures include imaging and motor evoked potentials to rule out organic causes.
The condition is differentiated from malingering based on distinct underlying mechanisms.

Implications:

The poor long-term prognosis for functional paresis underscores the need for early and effective intervention.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy and rehabilitation are crucial for managing patient attitudes and improving outcomes.
Further research into the pathophysiology of functional neurological disorders is warranted.