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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit
09:57

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit

Published on: July 13, 2019

Reducing prescribing errors in the paediatric intensive care unit: an experience from Egypt.

Hala Zakaria Alagha1, Osama Ahmed Badary, Hanan Mohammed Ibrahim

  • 1Department of Clinical pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Clinical pharmacists reduced prescribing errors in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Interventions significantly lowered error rates and severity, improving patient safety.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit
09:57

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit

Published on: July 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Medical Sciences
  • Clinical Pharmacy
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Prescribing errors pose a significant risk in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs).
  • Effective interventions are crucial to minimize medication errors and enhance patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist-led interventions on prescribing error rates in a PICU.
  • To assess the effect of these measures on the potential severity of prescribing errors.

Main Methods:

  • A pre-post study design was employed in a 12-bed PICU.
  • Chart reviews were conducted to identify and quantify prescribing errors before and after intervention.
  • Interventions included a new order chart, physician education, dosing assistance, and performance feedback.

Main Results:

  • The prescribing error rate decreased significantly from 78.1% preintervention to 35.2% postintervention (p < 0.001).
  • Potentially severe errors reduced from 29.7% to 7% (p < 0.001), and potentially moderate errors from 39.8% to 24.2% (p < 0.001).
  • All types of prescribing errors showed a reduction to varying degrees.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical pharmacist interventions effectively reduced prescribing error rates and their potential severity in a PICU.
  • These activities improved physician-nurse communication, drug knowledge, and error awareness, contributing to enhanced patient safety.