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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
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Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
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The microcirculation: a target for developmental priming.

Geraldine F Clough1, Mikael Norman

  • 1Vascular Research Group, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. g.f.clough@soton.ac.uk

Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early life nutrition and growth impact cardiovascular and metabolic health, influencing susceptibility to obesity and diabetes later in life. Developmental adaptations in microvasculature are key risk factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cardiovascular science
  • Metabolic science

Background:

  • Early life environment, particularly nutrition, shapes long-term cardiovascular and metabolic health.
  • Suboptimal maternal nutrition and fetal growth are linked to later-onset obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension.
  • Microvascular changes in early life precede overt disease and represent potential intervention targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how perinatal factors influence microvascular development.
  • To understand the role of developmental plasticity in cardiometabolic disease susceptibility.
  • To highlight early life interventions for preventing adult metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence linking early life environment to adult physiological capacity.
  • Analysis of microvascular adaptations in response to perinatal nutrition and growth.
  • Exploration of developmental plasticity as a risk determinant.

Main Results:

  • Suboptimal early nutrition and growth lead to reduced microvascular perfusion and dilator capacity.
  • These changes are associated with increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension.
  • Microvascular rarefaction and remodeling impair metabolic substrate exchange and increase vascular resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Early life microvascular changes are critical determinants of adult cardiometabolic health.
  • Developmental plasticity plays a significant role in susceptibility to adult cardiometabolic diseases.
  • Targeting early life interventions can mitigate long-term cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk.