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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Organotypic Cultures of Adult Human Cortex as an Ex vivo Model for Human Stem Cell Transplantation and Validation

Organotypic Cultures of Adult Human Cortex as an Ex vivo Model for Human Stem Cell Transplantation and Validation

Published on: December 9, 2022

Cortical network from human embryonic stem cells.

¹Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. Irina-Roxana.Nat@i-med.ac.at

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

|March 23, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human embryonic stem cells were used to generate cortical neurons in vitro. These neurons mimic human brain development, offering insights into neurological diseases.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Stem Cell Technology

Background:

Studying human brain development is challenging due to limited access to primary neuronal cultures.
Embryonic stem cell technology offers a promising alternative for modeling human neurodevelopment.

Purpose of the Study:

To generate and characterize human cortical neurons in vitro using embryonic stem cells.
To investigate the potential of these in vitro-derived neurons for studying brain development and diseases.

Main Methods:

Human embryonic stem cells were differentiated into forebrain-like progenitors.
Progenitors were cultured to generate cortical neurons.
Neuronal phenotype, morphology, and network formation were analyzed.

Main Results:

Neurons generated in vitro acquired a glutamatergic phenotype.
They exhibited morphological characteristics of cortical pyramidal neurons, including dendritic spines.
These neurons formed complex, interconnected networks in culture.

Conclusions:

In vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells provides a valuable model for studying human cortical neuron development.
This model system can advance our understanding of neuronal populations relevant to brain development and neurological disorders.