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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
07:48

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Published on: December 1, 2013

Superficial bladder tumours: recurrence and progression.

Muhammad Mansoor1, Shahzad Ali, Qazi Fasihuddin

  • 1Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. surgmansur@hotmail.com

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Superficial bladder cancer, or transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), often presents with hematuria and lower urinary tract symptoms. T1 disease shows higher recurrence and progression rates compared to Ta disease.

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An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment
08:43

An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment

Published on: July 28, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
07:48

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Published on: December 1, 2013

An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment
08:43

An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment

Published on: July 28, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Superficial bladder cancer, specifically transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), encompasses various clinical presentations and requires effective management strategies.
  • Understanding recurrence and progression patterns is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diverse clinical presentations of superficial bladder cancer.
  • To analyze the management, recurrence rates, and progression patterns of superficial bladder cancer.
  • To compare recurrence and progression between different tumor grades and stages.

Main Methods:

  • A case series of 92 patients with pathologically proven superficial TCC and at least 2 years of follow-up.
  • Data collection included clinical presentations, management details (transurethral resection of bladder tumor - TURBT, intravesical Mitomycin-C), tumor grading and staging.
  • Recurrence was monitored via cystoscopy, and progression was assessed through metastatic work-up and follow-up biopsies.

Main Results:

  • Hematuria with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was the most common presentation (47.8%).
  • Overall recurrence rate was 68.4%. T1G2-3 patients experienced higher and earlier recurrences (80.4%) compared to TaG2-3 patients (58.8%, late recurrence).
  • Progression occurred in 14% of patients, including up-staging, lymphadenopathy, and metastasis.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights a higher proportion of T1 disease (45%) than typically reported.
  • T1G2-3 superficial bladder cancer is associated with early recurrence and progression, necessitating timely intervention.
  • Late recurrences were observed in Ta disease, with a tumor-free interval of 6 months to 2 years. Patient compliance with radical cystectomy for high-risk T1G3 disease was poor.