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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.

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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

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Published on: December 9, 2015

Vitamin D as a T-cell modulator in multiple sclerosis.

Joost Smolders1, Jan Damoiseaux

  • 1School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Vitamins and Hormones
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D modulates the immune system, particularly T-cells, and deficiency is linked to multiple sclerosis (MS). Research supports vitamin D

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Vitamin D is a crucial immune modulator, promoting a tolerogenic T-cell state.
  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease involving T-cell-mediated central nervous system inflammation.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is frequently observed in MS patients, suggesting a potential link.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of vitamin D in modulating T-cell responses.
  • To contextualize vitamin D's immune-modulating effects within the framework of MS pathogenesis.
  • To review epidemiological associations between vitamin D deficiency and various health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on vitamin D's immunological functions.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the association between vitamin D levels and MS.

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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

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  • Synthesis of experimental and epidemiological data.

    • Main Results:

    • Vitamin D influences T-cell responses, shifting them towards a more tolerogenic profile.
    • A significant body of evidence links vitamin D deficiency to increased risk or severity of MS.
    • Experimental and epidemiological data provide a strong foundation for vitamin D's role as an immune modulator.

    Conclusions:

    • There is robust evidence supporting vitamin D as a physiological immune modulator.
    • The findings support the development of intervention studies targeting vitamin D for MS.
    • Future research should focus on clinical and immunological outcomes in vitamin D-targeted interventions.