Approaches for the characterization and description of novel methanotrophic bacteria

Methanotrophs are a key group of environmental microorganisms that play an integral role in the global cycling of methane. Modern culture-independent techniques, traditional painstaking culture methods, and genomics-related approaches continue to reveal new information about methanotrophs, including their ecosystem associations, biochemistry, and their systematic and evolutionary nature. The increasing interest in methanotrophic bacteria especially in the context of climate change will likely lead to an increase in cultures available for in-depth studies. This chapter details the rigorous approach needed for successful appraisal and confirmation of novel aerobic methanotrophic bacterial species that can then be made accessible for in vitro research purposes. This includes a guide in which descriptions maintain adherence to the Bacteriological Code; that meet minimal standards; and the mandatory deposition of representative strains in approved culture collections.