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Extraction: Advanced Methods

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Study of the Complexation of Mercury(II) with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

A Study of the Complexation of Mercury(II) with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: January 8, 2016

Using a new ligand for solid phase extraction of mercury.

Majid Soleimani¹, Mohamad Saleh Mahmodi, Ali Morsali

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran. m-soleimani@hotmail.com

Journal of Hazardous Materials

|March 23, 2011

Summary

This study presents a simple method using octadecyl silica cartridges and a specific ligand for mercury (Hg(II)) extraction. The technique efficiently preconcentrates mercury for accurate analysis using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry.

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Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: July 21, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Study of the Complexation of Mercury(II) with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

A Study of the Complexation of Mercury(II) with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: January 8, 2016

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: July 21, 2011

Area of Science:

Environmental Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy

Background:

Mercury (Hg(II)) is a toxic heavy metal pollutant.
Accurate quantification of Hg(II) in real samples is crucial for environmental monitoring.
Existing preconcentration methods can be complex or time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simple, rapid, and reliable method for Hg(II) extraction and preconcentration.
To optimize the method for analyzing real-world samples using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS).

Main Methods:

Utilized an octadecyl silica cartridge as a sorbent.
Employed 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene (4-bp db) as a ligand for Hg(II) retention.
Optimized parameters including pH, buffer type, flow rate, and eluent composition.
Analyzed eluted samples using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry.

Main Results:

Achieved a concentration factor of 128 for Hg(II).
Obtained a detection limit of 1.87 ng L(-1) under optimized conditions.
Demonstrated the method's effectiveness for mercury extraction from real samples.

Conclusions:

The developed method offers a simple, rapid, and reliable approach for Hg(II) preconcentration.
This technique enhances the sensitivity of mercury analysis via CV-AAS.
The method is suitable for the determination of mercury in various real environmental samples.