[NeuroBehcet disease with corpus callosum involvement]
A Maarouf1, L Hadj-Henni, N Caucheteux
1Service de Neurologie et Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Maison-Blanche, CHU de Reims, Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims, France.
Revue Neurologique
|March 23, 2011
Summary
Behçet
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Neuro-Behçet's disease
- Neuroimaging
Background:
- Behçet's disease is a systemic inflammatory disorder affecting multiple organs.
- Central nervous system involvement, known as neuro-Behçet's disease, can occur.
- Corpus callosum lesions are infrequently reported in Behçet's disease.
Observation:
- A 47-year-old female presented with acute hemiplegia and confusion.
- Brain MRI revealed characteristic pedunculo-thalamic lesions and white matter hyperintensities.
- Notably, the corpus callosum also showed signs of involvement.
Findings:
- The case highlights a rare presentation of Behçet's disease with corpus callosum lesions.
- Neuroimaging findings were consistent with neuro-Behçet's disease.
- Simultaneous involvement of the corpus callosum and brainstem/thalamus was observed.
Implications:
- This case expands the spectrum of neuroimaging findings in Behçet's disease.
- Clinicians should consider Behçet's disease in the differential diagnosis of corpus callosum lesions.
- Further research into CNS manifestations of Behçet's disease is warranted.
Related Concept Videos
01:05Cerebral Hemispheres
The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
01:26Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
01:11Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II
Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
01:22Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology
Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
01:25Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology
Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
01:29Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...