Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
Published on: April 9, 2019
Adolescent drug use, psychosocial functioning and spinal pain
Naomi Heaps1, Melissa C Davis, Anne J Smith
1Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.
Abstract:
This study tested whether there is an independent relationship between adolescent drug use and neck and shoulder pain (NSP) and back pain (BP) when psychosocial functioning is controlled in a community sample of 1608 14-year-old Australian adolescents. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios of alcohol and cigarette use for NSP and BP before and after adjusting for a range of psychosocial variables. Results showed that the use of alcohol, but not cigarettes or marijuana, has a significant independent association with adolescent spinal pain. Future research needs to investigate these variables longitudinally to inform interventions for adolescent spinal pain.
Related Concept Videos
Analgesia and Pain Management
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Drug Dependence
An Overview of Psychoactive Drugs
Stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines, and nicotine enhance brain activity, leading to increased alertness, attention, and energy. These drugs typically raise heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. While they can induce feelings of euphoria, their misuse can result in severe health...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

