Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pollination and Flower Structure02:40

Pollination and Flower Structure

Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.
Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
Conservation of Declining Populations02:07

Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.Although predation is commonly associated with carnivory, for...
Energy Budgets and Reproductive Strategies00:51

Energy Budgets and Reproductive Strategies

Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species reproduce only once in their lifetime, often investing most available resources into that single reproductive event. Iteroparous species, by contrast, reproduce multiple times over their lifetimes, typically allocating fewer resources to any single...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Global decline in pollination limitation of pollinator-dependent crops.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Manifold limits on seed production by individual flowering plants.

American journal of botany·2026
Same author

Corporations and financial institutions driving coastal conflicts involving Indigenous Peoples.

Ambio·2026
Same author

The wide (un)sustainability ranges of agroexporting territories: Insights from Uruguay.

The Science of the total environment·2026
Same author

The conventional-to-organic yield gap diminishes with increasing crop pollinator dependence.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2026
Same author

Correction: The costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline.

Ambio·2025
Same journal

The TaMYB55-TaSnRK1α1-TabZIP9 module confers heat stress tolerance in wheat.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Superstatistics approach to turbulent circulation fluctuations.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

A molecular timescale for evolution of cobamide biosynthesis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Pierre Chambon, a pioneer of molecular biology and gene regulation in eukaryotes.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Granulosa cell glycogen fuels the avascular corpus luteum.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Synthetic essentiality of TRAIL/TNFSF10 in VHL-deficient renal cell carcinoma.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors
08:50

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors

Published on: July 16, 2018

Global growth and stability of agricultural yield decrease with pollinator dependence.

Lucas A Garibaldi1, Marcelo A Aizen, Alexandra M Klein

  • 1Laboratorio de Ecotono, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina and Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina. garibald@agro.uba.ar

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Declining crop yield stability due to insufficient pollination limits agricultural production. This drives land conversion, risking ecosystem services and impacting global food security.

More Related Videos

Evaluating the Effect of Pesticides on the Larvae of the Solitary Bees
05:13

Evaluating the Effect of Pesticides on the Larvae of the Solitary Bees

Published on: October 15, 2021

Assessing Agrochemical Risk to Mated Honey Bee Queens
08:49

Assessing Agrochemical Risk to Mated Honey Bee Queens

Published on: March 3, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors
08:50

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors

Published on: July 16, 2018

Evaluating the Effect of Pesticides on the Larvae of the Solitary Bees
05:13

Evaluating the Effect of Pesticides on the Larvae of the Solitary Bees

Published on: October 15, 2021

Assessing Agrochemical Risk to Mated Honey Bee Queens
08:49

Assessing Agrochemical Risk to Mated Honey Bee Queens

Published on: March 3, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural science
  • Ecology
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Human welfare relies on stable agricultural production, influenced by crop yield and cultivated area.
  • Yields increase with inputs and ecosystem services, but diminishing returns necessitate land conversion, risking ecosystem degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the relationship between agricultural production, its stability, and ecosystem services.
  • To test predictions regarding animal pollination's impact on crop yield and land use.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a general graphical model based on Jensen's inequality for yield-resource relations.
  • Analyzed Food and Agriculture Organization data (1961-2008) on crop yield, cultivated area, and pollinator dependence.

Main Results:

  • Pollinator-dependent crops showed lower mean and stability in relative yield and yield growth.
  • Reduced yield growth in these crops was compensated by increased land cultivation.
  • Decreased yield stability correlated with decreased area stability for pollinator-dependent crops.

Conclusions:

  • Pollen limitation hinders yield growth and temporal stability in pollinator-dependent crops.
  • This instability promotes compensatory land conversion, potentially eroding ecosystem services.
  • The model is applicable to other ecosystem services with decelerating benefits.