Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Role of viral and host factors in determining the outcome of HBV-associated acute liver failure.

Journal of translational medicine·2026

Same author

Comparison of LDH activity and LDH-M to predict death in patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure.

EXCLI journal·2026

Same author

Identification of Genetic Risk Factors Associated With Herbal and Dietary Supplement-Induced Acute Liver Failure Using Whole Exome Sequencing Analysis.

Gastro hep advances·2025

Same author

Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in patients with fulminant herpes simplex virus hepatitis.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2025

Same author

The DILI-Inpt Prognostic Score to Identify Hospitalized Idiosyncratic DILI Patients at Risk for Adverse Outcomes.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·2025

Same author

The endothelial growth factor angiopoietin-2 is an accurate prognostic biomarker in patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure.

Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

Update of chronic hepatitis B.

Hejun Yuan¹, William M Lee

¹Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8887, USA.

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

|March 23, 2011

Summary

Advances in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment are reviewed. While many patients remain undiagnosed, new insights into Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion durability and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) kinetics offer improved understanding and potential for better outcomes.

More Related Videos

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Published on: November 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Published on: November 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Hepatology and Viral Hepatitis Research
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Background:

A significant gap exists in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in the US, with an estimated two-thirds of patients unidentified.
Current CHB treatment guidelines include seven approved medications for adults and four for children.
Lack of awareness among medical professionals and at-risk populations contributes to underdiagnosis and undertreatment of CHB.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent developments in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB).
To synthesize findings from published articles between December 2009 and November 2010 regarding CHB therapies.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of published literature on CHB treatment.
Analysis of data on approved medications, treatment endpoints, and emerging biomarkers.

Main Results:

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion remains a key endpoint, but its durability with nucleoside analogue therapy is still under investigation.
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance has been observed in some patients receiving antiviral therapy.
HBsAg quantitation and kinetics are emerging as potential predictors of treatment response and indicators of CHB natural history.

Conclusions:

Significant progress has been made in understanding the durability of HBeAg seroconversion.
The clinical importance of serum HBsAg kinetics is increasingly recognized in both treatment-naive and treated CHB patients.
Enhanced education programs are crucial to raise public and professional awareness of CHB's public health significance.