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Related Concept Videos

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase01:26

Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation
12:55

A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation

Published on: December 9, 2021

Endothelial activation, dysfunction and permeability during severe infections.

Warren L Lee1, W Conrad Liles

  • 1Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care and Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Canada.

Current Opinion in Hematology
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microvascular endothelial dysfunction worsens severe infections like sepsis, leading to organ failure. The angiopoietin-2 to angiopoietin-1 ratio may predict outcomes, and therapies targeting endothelial barrier integrity show promise.

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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation
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A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation

Published on: December 9, 2021

High-Throughput Bioprinting Method for Modeling Vascular Permeability in Standard Six-well Plates with Size and Pattern Flexibility
07:41

High-Throughput Bioprinting Method for Modeling Vascular Permeability in Standard Six-well Plates with Size and Pattern Flexibility

Published on: August 16, 2024

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
12:50

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Vascular Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The microvascular endothelium plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of severe systemic infections.
  • Recent advances have significantly improved our understanding of endothelial involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the microvascular endothelium in severe systemic infections.
  • To discuss the implications of endothelial activation and dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of findings related to endothelial function in sepsis and severe infections.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial activation and dysfunction directly contribute to sepsis morbidity and mortality.
  • Loss of microvascular barrier integrity leads to edema, shock, and organ failure.
  • Increased angiopoietin-2 destabilizes barrier function and promotes inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • The angiopoietin-2/angiopoietin-1 ratio is a potential prognostic marker in severe infections.
  • Therapeutic strategies enhancing endothelial barrier integrity may be beneficial for sepsis treatment.