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Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

Plasticity

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: February 25, 2022

Spike-timing dependent plasticity in the striatum.

Elodie Fino¹, Laurent Venance

¹Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 667), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France Paris, France.

Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience

|March 23, 2011

Summary

The striatum

Keywords:

GABAergic interneurons LTD LTP basal ganglia cholinergic interneurons corticostriatal spike-timing dependent plasticity striatum

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Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Synaptic Plasticity
Basal Ganglia Function

Background:

The striatum, a key basal ganglia nucleus, processes cortical and thalamic inputs for action selection and learning.
Medium-spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum integrate information, enabling behavioral adaptation.
Corticostriatal plasticity is crucial for procedural learning and memory.

Purpose of the Study:

To review forms of spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) at corticostriatal synapses.
To emphasize the role of diverse striatal neuron types in plasticity.
To understand the striatum's capacity for long-term synaptic changes.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) studies.
Analysis of research on medium-spiny neurons (MSNs) and striatal interneurons.
Examination of experimental conditions influencing corticostriatal plasticity.

Main Results:

Various forms of corticostriatal STDP exist, dependent on neuronal subtypes and experimental parameters.
While MSNs are well-studied, striatal interneurons also exhibit plasticity.
Complexity in STDP highlights the corticostriatal pathway's extensive plastic potential.

Conclusions:

Understanding striatal plasticity requires considering all neuronal populations, including interneurons.
Corticostriatal STDP exhibits significant variability, underscoring pathway adaptability.
The striatum possesses remarkable plasticity for learning and memory.