Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function
07:47

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

Published on: February 4, 2016

Timing is not Everything: Neuromodulation Opens the STDP Gate.

Verena Pawlak1, Jeffery R Wickens, Alfredo Kirkwood

  • 1Network Imaging Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tuebingen, Germany.

Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Simultaneous two- and three-photon multiplane imaging across cortical layers in freely moving mice.

Nature methods·2026
Same author

Tuning excitatory input to fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive interneurons: a lever for plasticity and hyperexcitability across the lifespan.

Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience·2026
Same author

Circadian Changes in CA1 LTP Are Driven by Shifts in Excitation-Inhibition Balance and Reverse Direction after Puberty in Mice.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Rapid plasticity of default-mode local network architectures following adult-onset blindness.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Spatially heterogeneous acetylcholine dynamics in the striatum promote behavioral flexibility.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Parallel circadian-like oscillations in LTP and excitation inhibition balance in mouse CA1 reverse direction after puberty.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

Calcium at the crossroads of the immunometabolic signaling and comorbidity in schizophrenia.

Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Mechanistic insights into the synaptic damage-repair and regeneration processes in neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease: phytochemicals as neuroprotective agents.

Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience·2026
Same journal

NMDA receptors play an important role in postictal potentiation in immature rats.

Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Suicidality as a potential risk and therapeutic target during widespread GLP-1 receptor agonists use: implications of inflammation.

Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience·2026
Same journal

NMDA receptor mediated tonic excitatory currents are elicited by EAAT inhibition on human neocortical pyramidal neurons.

Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Automated ROI detection allows rapid quantification of synaptic activity across tens of thousands of synapses in cell culture.

Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Neuromodulators act as a third factor influencing spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) by altering synaptic plasticity rules. This finding links STDP to reward-mediated learning, advancing our understanding of brain plasticity.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a key mechanism for Hebbian learning.
  • Translating STDP to in vivo conditions is challenging due to complex neural activity.
  • A "third factor" is hypothesized to link specific inputs to outputs in STDP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of neuromodulators as a "third factor" in STDP.
  • To explore how neuromodulators influence STDP rules and conditions for plasticity.
  • To establish a link between STDP and reward-mediated learning.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of STDP under complex activity.
  • Experimental investigation of neuromodulator effects on STDP.
Keywords:
acetylcholinebehaviorcalciumdopaminelearningnoradrenalinerewardsynaptic plasticity

More Related Videos

Standardized Induction and Assessment of Long-term Potentiation-like Cortical Plasticity Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
08:29

Standardized Induction and Assessment of Long-term Potentiation-like Cortical Plasticity Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: November 7, 2025

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex
11:31

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: February 25, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function
07:47

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

Published on: February 4, 2016

Standardized Induction and Assessment of Long-term Potentiation-like Cortical Plasticity Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
08:29

Standardized Induction and Assessment of Long-term Potentiation-like Cortical Plasticity Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: November 7, 2025

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex
11:31

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: February 25, 2022

  • Analysis of dopaminergic, noradrenergic, muscarinic, and nicotinic receptor actions.

    • Main Results:

    • Neuromodulators significantly influence STDP rules.
    • Neuromodulators can enable STDP induction or modify plasticity thresholds.
    • A connection between STDP, neuromodulation, and reward-based learning is emerging.

    Conclusions:

    • Neuromodulators are critical "third factors" in STDP, extending Hebbian plasticity.
    • Understanding neuromodulatory influences on STDP is crucial for linking synaptic plasticity to behavior.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the STDP-neuromodulator-learning relationship.