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Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
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Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

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Talon cusp: a morphological dental anomaly.

H A Balcioğlu1, N Keklikoğlu, Gülseren Kökten

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. habalci@istanbul.edu.tr

Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology = Revue Roumaine De Morphologie Et Embryologie
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Talon cusp, a rare dental anomaly, often affects incisors and can cause various oral health issues. This article highlights a familial occurrence, suggesting a genetic link for this condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Human Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Talon cusp is a rare dental anomaly primarily affecting the lingual surface of incisor teeth.
  • This condition can lead to significant clinical complications, including occlusal disharmony, tongue irritation, and secondary pulpal or periodontal issues.
  • Genetic factors are strongly suspected as a primary etiology for talon cusp development.

Observation:

  • This report details three cases of talon cusp within the same family, involving two siblings and their mother.
  • Clinical examinations and radiographic assessments were performed to document the anomaly in the affected family members.
  • The presentation of talon cusp in multiple family members suggests a potential hereditary pattern.

Findings:

  • The study identified talon cusp in three individuals across two generations of the same family.
  • Clinical and radiographic evidence confirmed the presence of the developmental anomaly.
  • The familial clustering supports the hypothesis of a genetic predisposition to talon cusp.

Implications:

  • Early detection of talon cusp is crucial for timely intervention and management.
  • Recognizing the potential genetic basis can aid in identifying at-risk individuals and families.
  • Appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning are essential to prevent or mitigate associated dental complications.