Clinical and histological correlations in alveolar bone osteosynthesis using biological materials of cow origin

Periodontitis is a set of inflammatory diseases affecting the periodontium, i.e., the tissues that surround and support the teeth. Periodontitis involves progressive loss of the alveolar bone around the teeth, and if left untreated, can lead to the loosening and subsequent loss of teeth and is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Modern techniques of treatment consist of guided bone regeneration, in cases of massive bone loss. We present a case of a middle age male with no risk factors, suffering from infected chronic marginal periodontitis with III/IV degree of mobility at the lower right canine and III degree of mobility at the lower incisors. X-ray exam reveals massive bone resorption in the anterior part of the mandible, especially in the right canine area. Because the buccal and lingual cortical bone were missing in the canine area, it was impossible for the bone to heal after the extraction of 4.3., without bone augmentation. The histopathological exam revealed the aspect of an organic protein matrix, partially calcified and the presence of some isolated cells with osteocytes like morphology. The difficulties of this procedure are to position and to close the flap without tension in order to facilitate the healing and bone cells formation - osteoblasts and osteocytes. The bone augmentation using biological material proved to be successful in treating massive bone defects in order to insert dental implants.