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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
07:37

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

[Epigentics in rheumatic diseases].

A Jüngel1, S Gay

  • 1Rheumaklinik, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Gloriastr. 23, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz. Astrid.Juengel@usz.ch

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression without altering DNA sequence. Reversible epigenetic changes offer promising therapeutic targets for diseases like cancer and autoimmune disorders.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
07:37

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Regulation

Context:

  • The human genome contains approximately 30,000 genes essential for protein formation and function.
  • Cellular differentiation involves deactivating genes not required for specific tissues or cells.
  • Epigenetic modifications, alongside genetic mechanisms, regulate cell-specific gene expression in normal cells.

Purpose:

  • To explain the role of epigenetics in gene expression regulation.
  • To differentiate epigenetic modifications from genetic mutations.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting reversible epigenetic changes.

Summary:

  • Epigenetics involves heritable changes in gene expression not caused by DNA sequence alterations.
  • Dysregulation of epigenetic modifications is linked to diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders.
  • Reversible epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones are attractive targets for new therapies.

Impact:

  • Understanding epigenetics provides insights into disease mechanisms.
  • Targeting epigenetic modifications offers novel therapeutic strategies for complex diseases.
  • This research opens avenues for developing treatments for cancer and autoimmune conditions.