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Related Concept Videos

The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
Plasmodesmata02:32

Plasmodesmata

The organs in a multicellular organism’s body are made up of tissues formed by cells. To work together cohesively, cells must communicate. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.Intercellular junctions are a feature of fungal, plant, and animal cells alike. However, different types of junctions are found in different kinds of cells. Intercellular junctions found in animal...
Plasmodesmata01:20

Plasmodesmata

In a multicellular organism, cells must communicate to work together in a coordinated manner. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.
Intercellular junctions are a feature of fungal, plant, and animal cells. However, different types of junctions are found in different kinds of cells. Intercellular junctions found in animal cells include tight junctions, gap junctions, and...
Transgenic Plants02:50

Transgenic Plants

Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts
08:38

Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts

Published on: June 23, 2023

Plant protoplast fusion.

N Fish1, K Lindsey, M G Jones

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Hertfordshire, UK.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant protoplast fusion enables creating new plant varieties by combining genomes, which is not possible with traditional methods. This technique introduces novel genetic material into breeding programs for improved crop traits.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biotechnology
  • Somatic cell genetics
  • Crop improvement

Background:

  • Plant regeneration from protoplasts is now feasible across many species.
  • Protoplast fusion allows for genetic manipulation in vitro.
  • This technique can create novel genome combinations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of protoplast fusion for plant genetic improvement.
  • To introduce novel germplasm into plant breeding programs.
  • To demonstrate the creation of new plant varieties through somatic hybridization.

Main Methods:

  • Regenerating plants from protoplasts.
  • Inducing protoplast fusion between different plant species or varieties.
  • Culturing fused cells to form hybrid plants.

Main Results:

  • Successful fusion of protoplasts from diverse origins, creating new genome combinations.
  • Introduction of desirable traits, such as virus resistance, from wild species into cultivated crops.
  • Production of novel interspecific hybrids, like between tomato and a wild Solanum species.

Conclusions:

  • Protoplast fusion is a powerful tool for plant breeding, overcoming sexual incompatibility.
  • This technology facilitates the transfer of valuable genetic resources for crop enhancement.
  • Somatic hybridization via protoplast fusion expands the possibilities for developing improved plant varieties.