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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

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Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...

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Published on: March 6, 2018

Epigenetics and its implications for ecotoxicology.

Michiel B Vandegehuchte1, Colin R Janssen

  • 1Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University (UGent), Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Michiel.Vandegehuchte@UGent.be

Ecotoxicology (London, England)
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental factors can trigger epigenetic changes, altering gene function without changing DNA sequence. These epigenetic modifications can be inherited across generations, impacting populations and environmental risk assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental epigenetics
  • Toxicology
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Epigenetics involves heritable changes in gene function without altering DNA sequence.
  • Environmental exposures (metals, pollutants) can induce epigenetic modifications.
  • These changes affect gene expression and organism phenotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how environmental factors induce epigenetic changes.
  • To investigate the transgenerational inheritance of these epigenetic modifications.
  • To assess implications for environmental risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on epigenetic modulation by environmental factors.
  • Examples from mammalian cells, rodents, fish, and water fleas.
  • Case studies involving fungicide and 5-azacytidine exposure.

Main Results:

  • Environmental chemicals modulate epigenetic marks across diverse species.
  • Phenotypic modifications result from altered gene expression.
  • Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance observed in rats and water fleas.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic changes induced by ancestral chemical exposure can affect subsequent generations.
  • This phenomenon has significant implications for environmental risk assessment.
  • Further research is needed on population-level effects and persistence of these changes.