Novel potent pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
Józefa Węsierska-Gądek1, Ivo Chamrád, Vladimír Kryštof
1Cell Cycle Regulation Group, Department of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. jozefa.gadek-wesierski@meduniwien.ac.at
Abstract:
Progression of the cell cycle is controlled by various activating and inhibiting cellular factors. The subtle balance between these counteracting regulators in normal cells ensures proper cell cycle progression and facilitates cellular responses to a variety of stress stimuli. Key activators include cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and, consequently, loss or inactivation of CDK inhibitors contributes to the escape of cancer cells from cell cycle control and hyperactivation of CDKs occurs in various neurodegenerative disorders. However, these adverse effects may be compensated by pharmacological counterparts. Inhibitors of CDKs representing various classes of compounds with diverse CDK inhibitory patterns have been developed, but inhibitors that have high selectivity and offer highly targeted activity against both cell cycle and transcriptional CDKs are of particular interest. This review focuses on pharmacological CDK inhibitors that have entered clinical trials and some compounds that have been evaluated preclinically. Recent discoveries in cell cycle regulation have provided rationales for clinical applications of CDK inhibitors in both monotherapeutic and combined therapeutic regimens.
Insights
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate the cell cycle. Inhibitors targeting CDKs show promise for treating cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, with many compounds in clinical trials.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Pharmacology
- Oncology
Background:
- Cell cycle progression relies on a balance of activating and inhibiting factors, notably cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
- Dysregulation of CDKs, including loss of inhibitors or hyperactivation, is implicated in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
- Pharmacological CDK inhibitors offer potential therapeutic interventions for these conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review pharmacological CDK inhibitors that have advanced to clinical trials.
- To highlight compounds evaluated preclinically for their therapeutic potential.
- To discuss the rationale for using CDK inhibitors in monotherapy and combination regimens.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on CDK inhibitors in clinical and preclinical development.
- Analysis of compounds targeting cell cycle and transcriptional CDKs.
- Examination of recent discoveries in cell cycle regulation.
Main Results:
- Various classes of CDK inhibitors with diverse inhibitory profiles have been developed.
- High selectivity and targeted activity against both cell cycle and transcriptional CDKs are of significant interest.
- Numerous CDK inhibitors have entered clinical trials, with others undergoing preclinical evaluation.
Conclusions:
- Pharmacological CDK inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy for cell cycle-related disorders.
- Targeted CDK inhibition holds potential for treating cancers and neurodegenerative conditions.
- Recent advances support the clinical application of CDK inhibitors in various therapeutic settings.
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