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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

32.4K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
28.0K
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Efficient Neural Differentiation using Single-Cell Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Efficient Neural Differentiation using Single-Cell Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: January 18, 2020

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Directed embryonic stem cell differentiation with small molecules.

Shoutian Zhu1, Heiko Wurdak, Peter G Schultz

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, SR 202, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. shoutian@scripps.edu

Future Medicinal Chemistry
|March 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) offer regenerative medicine potential. Identifying small molecules that guide ESC differentiation is crucial for clinical applications and understanding stem cell biology.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a valuable resource for regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities.
  • Harnessing ESCs for therapeutic purposes requires precise control over their differentiation into specific cell types.
  • Current methods for directing ESC differentiation are being advanced through chemical screening approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the application of chemical screening to identify molecules that promote specific embryonic stem cell differentiation.
  • To discuss the significance of these molecules in advancing stem cell-based therapies.
  • To provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms of ESC self-renewal and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing cell-based phenotypic screens to identify small molecules.
  • Employing reporter-based screens for selective ESC differentiation.
  • Analyzing the mechanisms of action for identified small molecules.

Main Results:

  • Small molecules capable of selectively promoting ESC differentiation into various lineages have been identified.
  • These identified molecules hold promise for facilitating clinical applications of stem cells.
  • Studies on these molecules are yielding new insights into stem cell biology.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical screening is a powerful approach for discovering compounds that regulate ESC differentiation.
  • This chemical biology strategy is essential for unlocking the full therapeutic potential of ESCs.
  • Further research into these molecules will deepen our understanding of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation pathways.