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How can we improve guideline use? A conceptual framework of implementability.
Anna R Gagliardi1, Melissa C Brouwers, Valerie A Palda
1Departments of Surgery; and Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation; and Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. anna.gagliardi@uhnresearch.ca
Clinical practice guidelines are underutilized. This study identified 22 implementability features to improve guideline use, but few current guidelines incorporate them, suggesting a need for modification to enhance decision-making support.
Area of Science:
- Implementation Science
- Health Services Research
- Clinical Practice Guidelines
Background:
- Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are often underutilized, with existing strategies to improve their uptake proving suboptimal.
- Modifying the inherent features of CPGs presents an alternative, yet largely untested, approach to enhance their use.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and define key features that enhance the implementability of CPGs.
- To assess the extent to which current CPGs incorporate these identified implementability elements.
Main Methods:
- Developed a comprehensive guideline implementability framework by synthesizing existing implementation science literature.
- Analyzed 20 high-quality CPGs from primary and institutional care, independently assessing them for the presence of implementability elements.
Main Results:
- The final implementability framework comprised 22 elements across eight domains (adaptability, usability, validity, applicability, communicability, accommodation, implementation, evaluation).
- Most analyzed CPGs contained extensive narrative evidence and tables but lacked features like alternate versions, patient engagement tools, resource implications, and local promotion guidance.
- No consistent trends in the inclusion of implementability features were observed across different guideline topics.
Conclusions:
- Significant opportunities exist to modify CPGs to better support diverse decision-making needs of various users.
- Development of new governance structures may be necessary to facilitate the creation of CPGs with enhanced implementability features.
- Further research is required to validate the implementability framework and evaluate the impact of incorporating these features on guideline use.
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