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Related Concept Videos

Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...

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Purification of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Protein Expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Published on: May 10, 2014

Phosphate transporter expression in Holstein cows.

A P Foote1, B D Lambert, J A Brady

  • 1Department of Animal Sciences, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX 76402, USA.

Journal of Dairy Science
|March 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding phosphorus absorption in cattle is crucial for environmental health. This study reveals that the NaPi-IIb transporter is primarily active in the distal small intestine of Holstein cows, not the proximal sections.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

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Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
08:49

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes

Published on: March 14, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Gastrointestinal Physiology

Background:

  • Excess phosphorus (P) in cattle manure contributes to water eutrophication.
  • Mechanisms of P absorption in dairy cattle are poorly understood.
  • Phosphate transporters (NaPi-IIb) are known in other species but not fully characterized in cattle digestion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression patterns of the NaPi-IIb phosphate transporter in different sections of the bovine small intestine.
  • To determine the role of NaPi-IIb in active phosphate transport along the digestive tract of Holstein cows.

Main Methods:

  • RNA isolation from duodenal, proximal jejunal, distal jejunal, and ileal mucosa of 20 Holstein cows.
  • Real-time reverse-transcription PCR to quantify NaPi-IIb mRNA expression levels.
  • Comparative analysis of transporter expression across the four intestinal segments.

Main Results:

  • NaPi-IIb mRNA expression was significantly higher in the distal jejunum and ileum compared to the proximal jejunum and duodenum.
  • Expression levels were similar between the two proximal segments and between the two distal segments.
  • NaPi-IIb expression was nearly absent in the proximal small intestine.

Conclusions:

  • A sodium-dependent secondary active phosphate transport system involving NaPi-IIb is unlikely to be the primary mechanism for P absorption in the proximal bovine small intestine.
  • NaPi-IIb contributes to phosphate absorption in the distal sections of the bovine small intestine.
  • These findings highlight regional differences in phosphate transport within the bovine digestive system.