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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Other Unique Bacteria01:18

Other Unique Bacteria

Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic and are commonly found near the...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force per...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
08:23

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Published on: December 25, 2021

Radiation is not the only risk.

Stephen Balter1, Pat Zanzonico, George R Reiss

  • 1Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 177 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY 10032, USA. sb2455@columbia.edu

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
|March 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Balancing radiation risks with diagnostic imaging benefits is crucial. Overemphasizing radiation exposure may overlook other patient risks and benefits, potentially harming patient care.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
08:23

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Published on: December 25, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Technological advancements have shifted clinical diagnosis towards imaging.
  • Clinicians must balance diagnostic yield against patient-specific radiation risks.
  • Concerns exist regarding short-term adverse events versus long-term radiogenic cancer risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline radiation risks in diagnostic imaging.
  • To present examples of balancing radiation and non-radiation risks.
  • To inform clinical decision-making regarding imaging procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of radiation risks associated with diagnostic imaging.
  • Analysis of patient-specific risk-benefit considerations.
  • Case study examples illustrating risk assessment.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic imaging relies heavily on technology, necessitating risk assessment.
  • Radiation exposure presents both short-term and long-term risks.
  • Non-radiation risks and potential benefits are critical factors.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal patient care requires a comprehensive assessment of all risks and benefits.
  • Excessive focus on radiation risk can obscure other important considerations.
  • A balanced approach ensures the patient's best interests are met.