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Related Concept Videos

Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
08:14

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

Published on: April 14, 2017

Ciliogenesis: building the cell's antenna.

Hiroaki Ishikawa1, Wallace F Marshall

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, BOX 2200 GH-N372F, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|March 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cilia assembly relies on intraflagellar transport (IFT) and protein import. Their precise length control is vital for cell function and preventing human diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cilia are crucial cellular organelles involved in signaling and fluid transport.
  • Cilia assembly requires coordinated intraflagellar transport (IFT), membrane trafficking, and protein import.
  • A specific barrier at the ciliary transition zone regulates protein entry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms governing cilium assembly and disassembly.
  • To understand how ciliary length is regulated in synchrony with the cell cycle.
  • To explore the link between ciliary dysfunction and human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the role of intraflagellar transport (IFT) in cilium assembly.
  • Analyzed the relationship between ciliary assembly/disassembly rates and steady-state length.

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Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence

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2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
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Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence

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  • Examined the cell cycle-dependent regulation of ciliogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Ciliary assembly rate is a decreasing function of ciliary length due to IFT length dependence.
    • Cilia assembly and disassembly are synchronized with the cell cycle.
    • The balance between assembly and disassembly determines steady-state ciliary length.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding cilium assembly and length control is critical for human health.
    • Defects in ciliogenesis and length regulation are implicated in various human diseases.
    • Further research into these processes may reveal therapeutic targets for cilium-related disorders.