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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Laparoscopic Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy with Uterine Preservation for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Published on: October 25, 2024
[Treatment of urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women]
Abstract:
Examination of 65 postmenopausal women with urinary incontinence demonstrated that most of the patients had mixed urinary incontinence. Pathogenesis of urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women is strongly associated with estrogen deficiency. This dictates necessity of preoperative hormone replacement therapy. Surgical treatment of postmenopausal women aims at elevation of obturator pressure, prolongation of the urethra with narrowing of its orifice which can be managed with combination of urethrocystoplasty, levatoroplasty and sling operation.
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Urinary Bladder
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...