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Related Concept Videos

Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Measuring Reaction Rates03:09

Measuring Reaction Rates

Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical field in...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression
06:50

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression

Published on: November 8, 2019

[Concentration retrieving method of SO2 using differential optical absorption spectroscopy based on statistics].

Bin Liu1, Chang-Ku Sun, Chi Zhang

  • 1State Key Lab of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. lbin8357@gmail.cn

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
|March 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a statistical method for measuring sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration using differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). The technique enhances accuracy in continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS).

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Characterizing Lewis Pairs Using Titration Coupled with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy
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Characterizing Lewis Pairs Using Titration Coupled with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression
06:50

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression

Published on: November 8, 2019

In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework
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In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework

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Characterizing Lewis Pairs Using Titration Coupled with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy
07:49

Characterizing Lewis Pairs Using Titration Coupled with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: February 20, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Environmental Monitoring

Context:

  • Accurate measurement of sulfur dioxide (SO2) is crucial for environmental protection and industrial process control.
  • Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) is a widely used technique for gas analysis.
  • Existing methods may face challenges in precision and range for SO2 concentration retrieval.

Purpose:

  • To develop and validate a novel statistical method for SO2 concentration retrieval using DOAS.
  • To improve the accuracy and reliability of SO2 measurements in continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS).
  • To establish a robust method applicable to a wide concentration range with high precision.

Summary:

  • A statistical concentration retrieval method is presented, utilizing the standard deviation of differential absorption to represent SO2 concentration.
  • Principle Component Analysis (PCA) is employed to process the differential absorption spectrum, forming basis data with correlation coefficients and standard deviation.
  • The method was applied to a 0.3 m optical path CEMS, achieving a measuring range of 0-5800 mg/m³ with nonlinear calibration and temperature compensation.

Impact:

  • The developed method demonstrates a full-scale error of less than 0.7% FS, indicating high accuracy.
  • It provides a reliable and precise approach for SO2 monitoring in industrial emissions.
  • The technique offers a significant advancement in gas concentration measurement technology for environmental applications.