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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Single-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Measurements Enabled by Plasmonic DNA Origami Nanoantennas

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Plasmon-enhanced colorimetric ELISA with single molecule sensitivity.

Si Chen¹, Mikael Svedendahl, Richard P Van Duyne

¹Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.

|March 25, 2011

Summary

This study presents a novel biosensor for ultrasensitive biomarker detection. The innovative method achieves single-molecule sensitivity, paving the way for early disease diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Biomedical Engineering
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Ultrasensitive biosensors are crucial for early disease detection, enabling diagnosis of cancer, neurological disorders, and infections.
Current diagnostic methods often lack the sensitivity to detect low-abundance biomarkers.
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are established techniques with potential for biosensing enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simple, colorimetric biosensing methodology with single-molecule sensitivity.
To combine LSPR refractive index sensing with ELISA for enhanced biomarker detection.
To create a robust biosensor capable of detecting low-abundance disease biomarkers.

Main Methods:

Utilized spectral imaging of isolated gold nanoparticles for LSPR sensing.
Integrated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) principles.
Employed horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme to catalyze localized precipitation reactions on nanoparticle surfaces.

Main Results:

Achieved single-molecule sensitivity in biomarker detection.
Demonstrated a dramatic amplification of the LSPR scattering maximum (λ(max)) shift due to enzymatic activity.
Developed a colorimetric biosensing method based on nanoparticle spectral imaging.

Conclusions:

The developed biosensing methodology offers robust and ultrasensitive detection of low-abundance biomarkers.
This technique has the potential to revolutionize clinical diagnostics and enable early disease detection.
The combination of LSPR and ELISA provides a powerful platform for future biosensor development.