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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...

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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

Anesthetizing the obese child.

Anette Mortensen1, Katja Lenz, Hanne Abildstrøm

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Juliane Marie Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. mortensenanette@hotmail.com

Paediatric Anaesthesia
|March 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood obesity increases perioperative risks for children, particularly concerning airway management and drug dosages. Anesthetic strategies must adapt to these unique challenges to ensure patient safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood obesity prevalence is rising globally.
  • Obesity is linked to increased comorbidities like asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, and diabetes.
  • Obese children face higher risks for perioperative complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review anesthetic considerations for perioperative management of obese children.
  • To discuss the impact of obesity on pharmacokinetics and drug dosing.
  • To provide guidance on preanesthetic evaluation and airway management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on childhood obesity definition, prevalence, and pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of anesthetic challenges in obese pediatric patients.
  • Synthesis of recommendations for perioperative care.

Main Results:

  • Obese children have increased risks of difficult mask ventilation and perioperative desaturation.
  • Obesity significantly affects the pharmacokinetics of anesthetic drugs, impacting optimal dosage estimation.
  • Specialized preanesthetic evaluation and airway management are crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthetic management for obese children requires tailored approaches due to increased risks.
  • Further research is needed to optimize anesthetic drug dosing and perioperative strategies.
  • Addressing anesthetic challenges is vital for improving outcomes in pediatric obesity.