Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

Development of Immunocompetence

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Combination treatment with synthetic gRNA/Cas12a and gRNA/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins disrupts HIV replication and expression.

iScience·2026

Same author

Suppression of HBV replication and expression by CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins.

Antiviral research·2025

Same author

Inhibition of protein kinase R suppresses HIV replication and integration in CD4 T cells.

Journal of virus eradication·2025

Same author

IRF4 Mediates Immune Evasion to Facilitate EBV Transformation.

Viruses·2025

Same author

miR-23a-mediated TRF2 repression in CD4 T cells from PLWH.

Molecular immunology·2025

Same author

Circulating GDF-15: a biomarker for metabolic dysregulation and aging in people living with HIV.

Frontiers in aging·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis

Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis

Published on: September 7, 2022

Innate immune modulation in EBV infection.

¹Viral Oncology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA. sning@med.miami.edu.

|March 25, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a gammaherpesvirus, uses complex immune evasion tactics. Understanding EBV

More Related Videos

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Published on: March 2, 2014

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis

Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis

Published on: September 7, 2022

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Published on: March 2, 2014

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Oncology

Background:

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is an oncogenic gammaherpesvirus.
EBV exhibits sophisticated immune evasion strategies, contributing to its high prevalence.
Understanding EBV's immune subversion is crucial for addressing its latency and oncogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize recent findings on how individual EBV products regulate host immune responses.
To highlight EBV's modulation of the innate immune system.
To identify potential molecular targets for immunotherapeutic interventions against EBV.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature on EBV and host immune interactions.
Analysis of studies focusing on specific EBV gene products.
Emphasis on research detailing innate immune modulation by EBV.

Main Results:

EBV products actively subvert host immune defenses through intricate mechanisms.
Specific EBV components demonstrate significant roles in modulating innate immunity.
These interactions provide insights into EBV's persistence and oncogenic potential.

Conclusions:

EBV's complex immune modulation strategies are key to its prevalence and oncogenesis.
Targeting EBV-induced immune dysregulation offers promising avenues for immunotherapy.
Further research into EBV-innate immunity interactions is vital for developing effective treatments.