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Related Experiment Video

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Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

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Varicella zoster vasculopathy.

Jyotsna Mareedu¹, Raghu Gowda Hanumaiah, Elizabeth Hale

¹Hurley Medical Center, Flint, Michigan/Michigan State University, Flint, MI, USA.

Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)

|March 25, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) can cause stroke, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Early diagnosis and treatment with IV acyclovir are crucial for managing VZV vasculopathy and improving patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Vascular Medicine

Background:

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a significant cause of neurological disease, presenting acutely or reactivating latently.
VZV can manifest as a wide spectrum of neurological disorders across a person's lifetime.
Cerebrovascular complications, such as stroke, are a recognized but often underdiagnosed manifestation of VZV infection.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the importance of considering VZV vasculopathy in the differential diagnosis of stroke.
To present a case of VZV vasculopathy presenting as ischemic stroke in an immunocompromised patient.
To emphasize the treatable nature of VZV-induced stroke and the impact of timely intervention.

Main Methods:

Case report of a 35-year-old male with advanced HIV (AIDS) and other comorbidities presenting with stroke symptoms.
Diagnostic workup included head CT, MRI, and CT angiography to evaluate the cerebrovascular system.
Cerebral angiography revealed findings consistent with vasculitis, specifically occlusion and stenosis in the middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery.

Main Results:

The patient presented with acute left hemiparesis, facial palsy, and dysarthria, indicative of a stroke.
Imaging confirmed an acute right basal ganglia infarct and abnormalities in the right middle cerebral artery and right anterior cerebral artery.
Vascular imaging findings were consistent with vasculitis, leading to the diagnosis of VZV vasculopathy.

Conclusions:

Varicella-zoster virus vasculopathy is a critical, treatable cause of stroke, especially in patients with compromised immune systems.
Prompt diagnosis and initiation of intravenous acyclovir are essential for effective management and reducing mortality.
Failure to diagnose and treat VZV vasculopathy can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, with untreated cases having a 25% mortality rate.