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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview01:24

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Crystals with various point group symmetries belong to different crystal classes, which are synonymous terms. Despite being in the same class, crystals may have distinct shapes, like cubes and octahedra. There are 32 three-dimensional point groups, all of which are systematically divided into seven crystal systems.The basic cubic crystal system, exemplified by NaCl, features orthogonal vectors (α = β = �� = 90°) of equal lengths (a = b = c). When specific requirements are not imposed on the...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Determining the Ice-binding Planes of Antifreeze Proteins by Fluorescence-based Ice Plane Affinity
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Published on: January 15, 2014

How many amorphous ices are there?

Thomas Loerting1, Katrin Winkel, Markus Seidl

  • 1Institute of Physical Chemistry University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. thomas.loerting@uibk.ac.at

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|March 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers propose three distinct polyamorphic states of amorphous ice: low-density (LDA), high-density (HDA), and very high-density (VHDA). These states are distinguishable by reversible transitions and unique properties, suggesting they are independent forms of ice.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Numerous acronyms exist for amorphous ice forms due to varied preparation methods.
  • Distinguishing between these forms is crucial for understanding polyamorphism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the number of relevant amorphous ice forms in the context of polyamorphism.
  • To establish criteria for differentiating independent amorphous ice states.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the criterion of reversible transitions under varying pressure and temperature.
  • Analyzing differences in properties such as compressibility and interstitial water content.

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct polyamorphic states: low-density (LDA), high-density (HDA), and very high-density (VHDA) amorphous ice.
  • Demonstrated reversible transitions between these states.
  • Highlighted significant differences in properties, precluding classification as simple relaxed variants.

Conclusions:

  • The three identified states (LDA, HDA, VHDA) represent distinct megabasins in the ice energy landscape.
  • These states are not merely structurally relaxed versions of each other but independent forms of amorphous ice.