Validity of observed differences in dietary surveys by two self-administered questionnaires over a 5-year period:...

Differences observed by comparing the responses to two surveys taken 5 years apart were compared with self-reported changes in dietary habits in the second survey to examine the construct validity of dietary change. That is, when an observed difference about a certain food was consistent with a self-reported change, these two methods seemed to show a high validity regarding dietary change. Both surveys used the same self-administered food intake frequency questionnaire, and subjective changes in food intake were evaluated at the second survey (self-reported change). Eight hundred fifty-five males and one thousand females aged 30-69 years were analyzed. Since results by both methods showed a higher frequency of increased intake of green-yellow vegetables in general, pale- colored vegetables in general, carrots, and squash, these results were thought to be of high validity. However, cabbage, lettuce, and seaweeds showed inconsistent results regarding higher frequencies of intake. Changes among quintiles of lower frequency seemed to show lower validity because the results obtained by the two methods were often inconsistent for dairy foods and some other foods. Thus, self-reported changes may reflect respondents' attitudes toward foods, not their actual behavior.