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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

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Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
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Published on: April 1, 2018

Inflammation: good or bad for ADHD?

Rossen Donev1, Johannes Thome

  • 1Academic Unit of Psychiatry, The School of Medicine, University of Wales Swansea, Institute of Life Science, UK.

Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders
|March 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammation plays a significant role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) development and symptoms. Understanding these inflammatory mechanisms could lead to more effective ADHD treatments with fewer side effects.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presents core symptoms of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness, posing challenges for diagnosis and long-term management.
  • Current ADHD treatments, including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, can have adverse effects, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic targets.
  • The role of neuroinflammation in ADHD pathogenesis has been historically overlooked, despite early observations linking ADHD symptoms to inflammatory infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interrelationship between ADHD risk factors and neuroinflammation.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation's contribution to ADHD.
  • To provide a rationale for future research into novel ADHD therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the connection between ADHD risk factors, molecular mechanisms, and inflammation.
  • Analysis of existing research on neuroinflammation in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
  • Synthesis of information to establish the role of inflammation in ADHD development and progression.

Main Results:

  • ADHD risk factors are intricately linked to inflammatory responses in the brain.
  • Specific molecular mechanisms triggered by these risk factors contribute to ADHD pathophysiology.
  • Inflammation is a potentially significant, yet understudied, factor in ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroinflammation is a critical area for future ADHD research.
  • Understanding inflammation's role can guide the development of novel ADHD treatments with improved efficacy and reduced adverse effects.
  • Targeting inflammatory pathways may offer a new strategy for managing ADHD.