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Related Concept Videos

Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Complexation Equilibria: Overview01:23

Complexation Equilibria: Overview

Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
The equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction is represented as the formation constant...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides
10:27

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

Published on: July 14, 2015

Relationship between channel and sorption properties in coordination polymers with interdigitated structures.

Yuh Hijikata1, Satoshi Horike, Masayuki Sugimoto

  • 1Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|March 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New porous coordination polymers (PCPs) using zinc and isophthalate exhibit tunable flexibility and selective guest adsorption. These materials offer a strategy for designing advanced separation materials with tailored pore environments and gate-opening adsorption properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) are crystalline materials with tunable structures and properties.
  • Designing PCPs with specific pore sizes and functionalities is crucial for applications like gas storage and separation.
  • The choice of metal ions and organic linkers significantly influences the resulting framework's topology and characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel porous coordination polymers based on Zn(2+) and isophthalate with varying linear bipyridyl-type ligands.
  • To investigate the structural flexibility, pore characteristics, and guest adsorption properties of the synthesized compounds.
  • To explore the potential of these PCPs for selective molecular separation based on size and polarity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of three distinct porous coordination polymers: [Zn(ip)(bpb)](n) (CID-21), [Zn(ip)(bpt)](n) (CID-22), and [Zn(ip)(bpa)](n) (CID-23).
  • Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies to determine structural properties and flexibility.
  • Adsorption studies to evaluate the interaction with polar molecules (methanol, water) and aromatic molecules (benzene, cyclohexane).
  • Theoretical calculations to support experimental observations on guest affinity.

Main Results:

  • All synthesized compounds exhibit interdigitated layered structures with similar void volumes (≈27%) and 1D bottleneck-type channels.
  • CID-21 and CID-22 possess rigid porous structures, while CID-23 demonstrates greater flexibility.
  • CID-22 shows selective adsorption of polar molecules like water due to tetrazine moieties.
  • CID-23, with its wider 1D channel (8.6 Å), selectively adsorbs benzene via a gate-opening mechanism, indicating a structural transformation.

Conclusions:

  • The incorporation of elongated bipyridyl linkers provides a strategy to control PCP flexibility and pore environment.
  • The synthesized PCPs exhibit distinct adsorption behaviors and selective guest accommodation capabilities.
  • CID-23's flexible structure and defined pore size enable selective separation of molecules like benzene from cyclohexane, showcasing potential for advanced separation technologies.