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Estimating aquifer channel recharge using optical data interpretation.

Gary R Walter1, Marius Necsoiu, Ronald McGinnis

  • 1Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA. gwalter@swri.org

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|March 26, 2011
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Remote sensing optical images help assess aquifer recharge from intermittent streams in arid regions. Visual analysis of flowing river reaches offers insights into channel losses, complementing traditional measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrology
  • Remote Sensing
  • Hydrogeology

Background:

  • Aquifer recharge in arid/semiarid regions heavily relies on intermittent and ephemeral stream channels.
  • Direct measurement of streamflow and losses in these channels is challenging due to intermittent events and remote locations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate aquifer recharge from stream losses using airborne and satellite optical imagery.
  • To assess the utility of remote sensing for understanding recharge processes in the Frio River, a contributor to the Edwards Aquifer.

Main Methods:

  • Interpretation of airborne and satellite optical images to identify stream reaches with flow.
  • Visual analysis of the length of flowing reaches downstream from gauging stations to estimate channel losses.
  • Analysis of water-surface width and channel slope to infer loss distribution.

Main Results:

  • Remote sensing optical image interpretation provides valuable insights into the spatial distribution of aquifer recharge from losing streams.
  • Channel loss rates estimated from flowing reach length were approximately half of those from in-stream gain-loss measurements for the Frio River.
  • Losses were primarily identified in a reach downstream of the mapped recharge zone, with water-surface width analysis showing limitations for accurate flow estimation in pool-and-riffle streams.

Conclusions:

  • Remote sensing offers a cost-effective method for assessing aquifer recharge from losing streams, especially in remote areas.
  • Visual analysis of flowing river reach length can provide a useful, albeit approximate, estimation of channel losses.
  • Water-surface width analysis may not be suitable for quantifying flow in complex stream types like those found in the Edwards Plateau.