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Graves' Disease I: Introduction

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Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Thyroid autoimmunity associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

I Y Ozdemir¹, O Calka, A S Karadag

¹Department of Dermatology, Yuzuncu yil University, Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV

|March 26, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients show a higher frequency of autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) markers and nodules. Investigating ATD in RAS patients is recommended due to potential autoimmune links.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Endocrinology
Oral Medicine

Background:

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an autoimmune oral condition.
Autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) is common and often co-occurs with other autoimmune disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of ATD in patients with RAS.
To explore the relationship between RAS and thyroid autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

Assessed serum thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4) and antibodies (anti-TPO, anti-TG) in 90 RAS patients and 30 controls.
Performed thyroid ultrasonography to detect nodules.

Main Results:

RAS patients had altered thyroid hormone levels (higher fT3/TT3, lower fT4) and increased anti-thyroid antibodies (31.11% vs 10%).
Thyroid nodules were more frequent in RAS patients (28.8% vs 16.7%).
RAS patients with nodules showed lower sT4 and higher TSH, anti-TPO, and anti-TG levels.

Conclusions:

Autoimmune thyroid issues are more prevalent in RAS patients.
Consider screening RAS patients for autoimmune thyroid disorders.