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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Method For Production of Recombinant mCD1d Protein in Insect Cells.
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A Method For Production of Recombinant mCD1d Protein in Insect Cells.

Published on: December 10, 2007

The immutable recognition of CD1d.

Erin J Adams1, Jacinto López-Sagaseta

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ejadams@uchicago.edu

Immunity
|March 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules. Recent studies investigate how NKT cells distinguish foreign lipids from self-lipids.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • CD1d is a key molecule in the immune system, presenting lipid antigens to natural killer T (NKT) cells.
  • NKT cells play a crucial role in immune surveillance and response.
  • The precise mechanisms of lipid antigen presentation by CD1d and subsequent NKT cell activation are complex.

Discussion:

  • Wun et al. (2011) and Mallevaey et al. (2011) provide molecular insights into CD1d-mediated lipid antigen recognition.
  • These studies explore the structural and functional basis for discriminating between self and nonself lipids.
  • Understanding this discrimination is vital for comprehending immune responses to lipid antigens.

Key Insights:

  • The research elucidates the molecular basis of how CD1d distinguishes between self and nonself lipid antigens.
  • This discrimination is critical for appropriate NKT cell activation and immune homeostasis.
  • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between CD1d and NKT cells.

Outlook:

  • Further research can leverage these findings to develop novel immunotherapies targeting lipid antigen presentation.
  • Investigating variations in CD1d and NKT cell interactions could reveal new therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases and cancer.
  • Continued exploration of the lipid antigen repertoire presented by CD1d will enhance our knowledge of immune regulation.