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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: November 30, 2021

Neutropenic colitis in children.

Frankie B Fike¹, Vincent Mortellaro, David Juang

¹Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA.

The Journal of Surgical Research

|March 26, 2011

Summary

Neutropenic colitis (NC) is uncommon in pediatric cancer patients, occurring in 1.4% of cases. Most children with NC, often linked to leukemia, recover with medical management and have a low mortality rate.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Oncology
Gastroenterology
Hematology

Background:

Neutropenic colitis (NC), or typhlitis, affects approximately 5% of patients undergoing chemotherapy for malignancy.
NC is strongly associated with profound neutropenia, though its exact cause remains unclear.
This study reviews 10 years of experience with NC to determine incidence, management, and outcomes in children.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the incidence of neutropenic colitis in children with cancer.
To evaluate the management strategies and patient outcomes for NC.
To identify factors associated with NC onset and severity.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of hospital records for 1224 pediatric cancer patients.
Strict diagnostic criteria for NC included clinical and radiographic findings; appendicitis cases were excluded.
Medical management involved bowel rest, IV antibiotics/antifungals; surgery was reserved for clinical deterioration or free air.

Main Results:

NC was confirmed in 17 children, representing a 1.4% incidence.
Leukemia was the most frequent underlying diagnosis (53%).
A sharp decline in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) preceded NC onset; only 12% required surgery with no direct mortality from NC.

Conclusions:

Neutropenic colitis is an infrequent complication in pediatric cancer patients, with a 1.4% incidence in this study.
Leukemia is the most common associated malignancy.
Most pediatric patients with NC can be managed non-surgically, and mortality directly attributed to NC is low.