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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing01:32

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

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Isolation and Cultivation of Diplonemids.

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Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
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Evolutionarily conserved cox1 trans-splicing without cis-motifs.

Georgette N Kiethega1, Marcel Turcotte, Gertraud Burger

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|March 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial genes in Diplonemea are split into modules on separate chromosomes. Trans-splicing, essential for gene expression, appears to use trans factors, not cis-acting elements, in these protists.

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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Genetics
  • * Protistology

Background:

  • * Mitochondrial genes in the protist Diplonema papillatum are fragmented into modules on distinct chromosomes.
  • * Gene expression involves trans-splicing of precursor transcripts, with the cox1 gene also undergoing RNA editing.
  • * The mechanism of trans-splicing in Diplonemea remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate if the fragmented cox1 gene and RNA editing are conserved across Diplonemea.
  • * To explore the underlying mechanism of mitochondrial trans-splicing in this group.

Main Methods:

  • * Comparative analysis of mitochondrial gene organization and RNA editing across three Diplonemea species.
  • * In silico searches for known trans-splicing intron signatures (Group I, Group II, spliceosomal, tRNA).
  • * Bioinformatic analysis for sequence elements like reverse-complementary motifs and conserved residues.

Main Results:

  • * The cox1 gene is consistently split into nine modules across all examined Diplonemea species, each on a separate chromosome.
  • * All species exhibit the insertion of six non-encoded uridines in cox1 mRNA at the same position.
  • * No canonical introns or significant sequence motifs indicative of cis-acting trans-splicing were detected.

Conclusions:

  • * The fragmented nature of the cox1 gene and specific RNA editing are conserved features in Diplonemea.
  • * Mitochondrial trans-splicing in Diplonemea likely relies on matchmaking trans factors (RNA or protein) rather than cis-acting sequence elements.
  • * This finding offers novel insights into the evolution and mechanisms of gene expression in mitochondrial genomes.