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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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The Fibular Nerve Injury Method: A Reliable Assay to Identify and Test Factors That Repair Neuromuscular Junctions
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Published on: August 11, 2016

An fMRI marker for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Jakob Rath1, Nicolaus Klinger, Alexander Geissler

  • 1Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair
|March 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study tracked brain changes after median nerve surgery using fMRI. It found that initial widespread brain activity normalized over a year, suggesting a new way to measure nerve repair success.

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Functional and Physiological Methods of Evaluating Median Nerve Regeneration in the Rat
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Functional and Physiological Methods of Evaluating Median Nerve Regeneration in the Rat

Published on: April 18, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve injuries, such as median nerve transection, have variable outcomes after surgical repair.
  • Understanding the brain's adaptive capacity following nerve repair is crucial for patient recovery.

Observation:

  • This study presents the first longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data tracking cortical somatosensory reorganization after peripheral nerve surgery.
  • A patient with a transected median nerve underwent immediate surgical repair (epineural end-to-end coaptation).
  • Brain activation maps were acquired using 3 Tesla fMRI with standardized vibrotactile median nerve stimulation at multiple time points post-surgery (1 week, 7 weeks, 15 weeks, and 1 year).

Findings:

  • Initially, the affected hemisphere showed no primary somatosensory cortex activation but exhibited increased frontoparietal activity.
  • By 1 year post-surgery, primary activation in the affected hemisphere had recovered.
  • Frontoparietal activity decreased significantly by the 1-year mark, approaching levels seen in the nonaffected hemisphere.

Implications:

  • Longitudinal fMRI patterns reveal dynamic cortical reorganization following peripheral nerve repair.
  • These fMRI-based observations may serve as a novel marker for assessing the restoration of somatosensory function.
  • This approach could offer advantages over traditional electrophysiological methods in evaluating nerve repair outcomes.