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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

Production of Formed Elements

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...

Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...

Lineage Commitment

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the process whereby stem cells:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Colony Forming Cell (CFC) Assay for Human Hematopoietic Cells

Colony Forming Cell (CFC) Assay for Human Hematopoietic Cells

Published on: December 18, 2010

Hematopoietic colony-forming cells.

Makio Ogawa¹, Anne G Livingston

¹Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.

Methods in Molecular Medicine

|March 26, 2011

Summary

Hematopoietic progenitor differentiation stages are defined by colony growth in culture. Incubation time and colony size generally correlate, but internal controls are crucial due to variable culture conditions.

Area of Science:

Hematology
Stem Cell Biology
Cellular Differentiation

Background:

Hematopoietic progenitors exist on a differentiation continuum.
Assays involve clonal culture systems to evaluate progenitor stages.
Late-committed progenitors have limited cell division potential.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the characteristics of hematopoietic progenitors in culture.
To highlight the challenges in comparing differentiation stages across laboratories.
To emphasize the importance of internal controls in experimental design.

Main Methods:

Utilizing clonal culture systems to assay hematopoietic progenitors.
Observing colony formation and size after specific incubation periods.

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Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Colony Forming Cell (CFC) Assay for Human Hematopoietic Cells

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Identification and Isolation of Burst-Forming Unit and Colony-Forming Unit Erythroid Progenitors from Mouse Tissue by Flow Cytometry

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Published on: November 4, 2022

Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 31, 2021

Comparing erythroid colony-forming cells (CFU-E) and erythroid burst-forming cells (BFU-E).

Main Results:

Late-committed progenitors (e.g., CFU-E) form small colonies quickly.
Earlier progenitors (e.g., BFU-E) form larger colonies over longer incubation times.
Blast-cell colonies are an exception, requiring long incubation due to progenitor dormancy.

Conclusions:

Incubation time and colony size generally correlate with progenitor differentiation.
Standardized incubation periods for defining differentiation stages are lacking.
Consistent internal controls are essential for reliable hematopoietic progenitor assays.