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Related Concept Videos

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more effectively...
Drug Excretion: Miscellaneous Routes01:10

Drug Excretion: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug excretion involves various organs, including the liver, intestines, skin, and eyes. In the case of drugs or toxins, they can be actively secreted into bile by transporters in the hepatocyte's canalicular membrane. These substances enter the GI tract during digestion and may be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. This process, known as enterohepatic recycling, can significantly prolong the presence and effects of a substance in the body. To interrupt this cycle, specific substances...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
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Pigmentation01:19

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

[Dermal exposure and absorption].

M C Aprea1

  • 1Laboratorio di Sanità Pubblica Area Vasta Toscana Sud-Est, Azienda USL7 di Siena, Regione Toscana, Strada del Ruffolo, Siena, Italy. c.aprea@usl7.toscana.it

Giornale Italiano Di Medicina Del Lavoro Ed Ergonomia
|March 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dermal exposure assessment quantifies contaminant interaction with skin using direct or indirect methods. Choosing the right sampling strategy is crucial for accurately assessing and managing skin exposure risks.

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Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model
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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
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Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

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Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model
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Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model

Published on: May 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Dermatology

Context:

  • Dermal exposure assessment is critical for understanding contaminant interactions with skin.
  • Evaluating exposure requires diverse direct and indirect measurement techniques.
  • Factors like clothing and skin physiology influence contaminant penetration.

Purpose:

  • To outline processes leading to dermal exposure, considering clothing and protective garments.
  • To discuss factors influencing skin penetration of environmental contaminants.
  • To provide a framework for assessing and managing skin exposure risks.

Summary:

  • This work details dermal exposure assessment, covering direct (interception, removal, in situ) and indirect (biological monitoring, surface removal) methods.
  • It examines exposure dynamics influenced by clothing and discusses skin penetration factors.
  • The study emphasizes selecting appropriate sampling methods within a documented strategy for risk management.

Impact:

  • Enhances understanding of environmental contaminant pathways to skin.
  • Informs the development of more effective exposure assessment strategies.
  • Supports improved risk management protocols for dermal exposure scenarios.